Coffee shop Essay Example for Free

Café Essay Contemplating the central reasons why the defenders intend to set up a business espresso shop’. A coffeehouse or cafeteria organizations are as of now well known around the world, such a large number of names, foundation and items. Pretty much every café organizations remain long as a result of fulfilling salary. What about development to this business that have a hazard however can presumably boost benefit. Versatile cafés that gained supplies that nearly inside a vehicle that movements to better places is unquestionably extraordinary and new that’s why it is achievable. The advocates are intending to examine the reasons this business ought to be actualized and made sense of an answer for all the issues that may experience to the examination. These are a few reasons and issues: 1. An advancement ought to have an ideal research before actualizing and it is bit hard to acquaint with the mass market. 2. Dangerous is included on the grounds that it can without much of a stretch knock by different vehicles that it might wreck the vehicle loaded with apparatuses and high worth resources and gear that can most likely detonate. 3. Actualizing is one of the hardest part since it has a great deal of procedure and there were just barely any high-approaches to trip, additionally it has restricted spots to go like going at the urban regions and essential expressways. 4. Flexibly of espresso beans can be likewise constrained, Benguet, the territory itself produce gracefully of assets wherein the gather is via season. 5. The climate obviously can cause the benefit misfortune particularly here in Benguet where blustery season is generally half-year. I. Task Summary I. 1 NAME OF THE BUSINESS â€Å" Clique Mobile Cafe Clique is the proposed name of the business on the grounds that it’s a changed over vehicle that in only a single tick it is changed into a business portable and it has Wi-Fi. Likewise, ‘mobile’, as the word itself, it can make a trip to one spot to another while the portable itself is the kitchen. I. 2 BUSINESS LOGO I. 3 LOCATION Burnham Park Baguio City, Benguet I. 4 DESCRIPTIVE DEFINITION OF THE PROJECT Clique Cafe is a coffeehouse that serves refreshments as well as incorporates food, bread and cake items. It has little kitchen, hardware in making espresso and cake items and a little convenient solace room. The eating is an open zone only outside around the vehicle wherein all the tables and seats are versatile including the sanctuaries and tent that covers the spot. It has a component of 21ft x 9ft x 9ft. It’s a food and refreshment business which the primary item is espresso. It goes to better places where individuals as a rule hang-out. Inner circle Cafe serves a few drinks, for example, natural tea, hot and cold Choco espresso. I. 5 VISION AND MISSION Vision: We expect to venture out across the nation to give the best quality espresso and bread for breakfast in each Filipino family unit that can buy our most moderate item. We plan to advance the travel industry and make our own trademark name of espresso item that positions ourselves as chief bistro across the nation. Crucial: give the best quality and most fulfilling offer produc  with elevated expectation administrations. To persistently advance collaboration and greatness in our foundation and give a decent ecological connection between our workers and clients. I. 6 Objective There are two primary items we intend to give to our market. Our bistro will set up the ordinarily utilized style of espresso which is serving espresso and bread. Be that as it may, we need to make name for our own item. We point in making our own one of a kind remarkable preference for our items that our market would need to have. We unequivocally accept this would be conceivable by the guide of utilizing indigenous crude item we have in Baguio. Being a city situated in the Benguet Province, the area basically creates collect of espresso beans that have quality which can rival its own flavor. This flavor is the thing that we need to present in the mass market. The Province likewise is the fundamental supplier of new vegetables and natural products that our bistro can utilize in creating breads. We will ready to make plans from these indigenous items. These are the item that Clique Mobile Cafe would be pleased with and convey under its image. Inner circle Mobile Cafe objective is to fulfill our client by the novel items with the absolute best of merchandise and enterprises that we can offer. Also, we need our business and item will known everywhere throughout the world. I. 7 History †¢Coffee History The historical backdrop of espresso goes in any event as far back as the thirteenth century with various fantasies encompassing its first use. The first local populace of espresso is thought to have originated from East Africa explicitly to Ethiopia, and it was first developed by Arabs from the fourteenth century. The most punctual trustworthy proof of either espresso drinking or information on the espresso tree shows up in the center of the fifteenth century, in the Sufi cloisters of Yemen. By the sixteenth century, it had arrived at the remainder of the Middle East, Persia, Turkey and northern Africa. Espresso at that point spread to the Balkans, Italy and to the remainder of Europe, to Indonesia and afterward to the Americas. †¢Coffee shop History Coffeehouse and café are connected terms for a foundation which essentially serves arranged espresso and other hot refreshments. Bistro or bistro or c aff may allude to a café, bar, coffee bar, little and modest eatery, transport bistro, or other easygoing eating and drinking place, contingent upon the way of life. A café may share a portion of similar qualities of a bar or eatery, yet it is unique in relation to a c afeteria. As the name recommends, cafés center around giving c offee and tea just as light tidbits. Numerous cafés in the Middle East, and in West Asian migrant areas in the Western world, offer shisha (nargile in Turkish and Greek), enhanced tobacco smoked through a hookah. Coffee barsare a kind of café that has some expertise in serving coffee and coffee based beverages. II. The board ASPECT BUSINESS ORGANIZATION A business association is an individual or gathering of individuals that team up to accomplish certain business objectives. Some business associations are shaped to acquire salary for proprietors. Different business associations, called charities, are framed for open purposes. These organizations frequently fund-raise and use different assets to give or bolster open projects. 2. 1 Partnership is a business association where at least two people oversee and work the business. The two proprietors are similarly and by and by at risk for the obligations from the business. Subsequently the defenders will receive the Partnership type of business. The defenders picked organization on the grounds that it’s not huge and expansive as a partnership and the capital is lesser than a bigger business. The proposed venture is handily overseen by at least two individuals or the proprietors itself. ?Rules and Guidelines of Partnership One of the likely downsides of an organization is that different accomplices will undoubtedly contracts marked by one another for the association. Picking accomplices you can trust, and who are sagacious, is basic. †¢Making Money Making cash is the principal rule since it is the greatest stimulus for any arrangement. The arrangements that really complete are the ones that can demonstrate their value. Organizations regularly have a base money related limit, however on the off chance that you can demonstrate that a worthwhile partnership can be made, at that point you ought to be in conversation about cooperating. †¢Naming Business Naming business association is really a significant advance in making organization understanding since it officially sets up the business substance for lawful purposes. All archives alluding to the organization should utilize the associations name, when you and your colleagues register it. †¢Contribution to Partnership An association understanding must incorporate the capital or property every one of the accomplices is putting resources into the organization. The understanding ought to likewise incorporate what jobs each accomplice will perform when the business is operational, including administrative limits and who controls the everyday activity of the business. The accomplices devote assets, for example, money related, specialized, staff and reputational toward accomplishing concurred goals after some time. They likewise set up another association with shared administration and an administration unit to convey these exercises. Accomplices dont draw a compensation and offer benefits and misfortunes similarly. Accomplices have an obligation of steadfastness to different accomplices and must not improve themselves to the detriment of the organization, and furthermore have an obligation to give monetary bookkeeping to different accomplices. †¢Allocating Profits and Losses Allocating benefits and misfortunes is a key component of companys association understanding. This segment of understanding decides how much cash each accomplice stands to make, including what level of benefit every part may get, just as what level of business misfortunes each accomplice must assimilate. Its generally illicit to make an association understanding that allots a higher rate risk to an accomplice than the accomplice initially put resources into the organization. Saving obligation regarding misfortunes comparable with every accomplice rate speculation should protect the legitimate honesty of the record. †¢Determining Partnership Authority Without explicit language itemizing each partner’s expert in the business, any accomplice can drive the whole organization into a coupling lawful understanding without the assent of your different accomplices. Plainly characterizing every accomplice power inside the organization to go into official understandings shields the association from extending itself excessively far and settling on terrible business choices. This standard can likewise set up a framework for the association to settle on business choices, remembering rules for casting a ballot and acquiring accomplice assent. Different principles would be found in a composed organization understanding. Such an understanding could plot methodology for settling on significant business choices, how benefits and misfortunes will be part, and how much control each part

The Good Evil Transformation Hamlet Essay Example For Students

The Good Evil Transformation Hamlet Essay Hamlet’s changes from great to underhanded in the play Hamlet by Shakespeare. Hamlet encounters a great deal of torment and turns out to be very indignation as a result of his father’s passing, his mother’s awful remarriage, and the loss of his solitary love, Ophelia. The misfortunes that Hamlet needs to manage are the resentment and absence of absolution work in himself. This permits Hamlet’s genuine considerations and character to be uncovered through his talks. Initially, Hamlet uncovers his desires that he could simply dissolve away and be gone; provided that he passes on, he would be liberated from the world. Hamlet considers how is father was a pioneer and went from an honorable lord to a ruler that doesn't want to assist his with peopling and serve his nation. Hamlet adores the force and the acclaim that is accompanies being a lord. Hamlet additionally shows his outrage and skepticism with ladies all in all â€Å" Frailty, thy name is women† like his mom and her terrible marriage with Clauduis. Hamlet says he is â€Å"sick at heart† over his father’s demise and his mother’s remarriage. Hamlet discovers that his uncle Clauduis has executed the King, Hamlet’s father. We will compose a custom exposition on The Good Evil Transformation Hamlet explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now The phantom of Hamlet’s father instructs him to attempt to look for evenge against Clauduis who was answerable for the king’s murder. Along these lines, Hamlet needs to murder Clauduis to retaliate for his father’s demise. Hamlet must execute his uncle and get his guiltless hands loaded with blood, so he can retaliate for his father’s passing. Hamlet currently transforms into a beguiling individual. He currently attempts to think of an arrangement to execute Clauduis for his wrongdoing. Hamlet begins to scrutinize his capacity to seek retribution for his father’s passing. He thinks about whether he is an over the top quitter. Hamlet begins to think on the off chance that it is smarter to live with the agony of his father’s murder or attempt o seek retribution by slaughtering his uncle Clauduis. Hamlet accepts that demise is equivalent to resting, for eternity. Hamlet thinks in the event that he could go into a profound rest that would stop all the torment and enduring in addition to all his distress and he would be glad to do it. Hamlet wavers about ending his own life and nodding off always on the grounds that, he believes that when he is sleeping he will have dreams and the fantasies he will be upsetting to him. Just because, Hamlet meets his mom in security. At any rate that is the thing that he thinks. He begins to talk about his sentiments of his mom, however he pledges that e will talk knifes, yet he will never really utilize one. While Hamlet talks with his mom, another person is tuning in to all their words. Polonius has formulated an arrangement to conceal himself behind a shade in the room and tune in on Hamlet and his mother’s discussion to see whether Hamlet has gone distraught. Hamlet finds that there is something behind the blind. He feels that it is Clauduis taking cover behind the shades and that he will at long last seek retribution like the phantom asked him to. Hamlet thinks his mission to vindicate his father’s demise is going to end. Be that as it may, he is going to discover that it isn't correct. His aspiration bamboozles him, and he doesn't think effectively. Hamlet murders the incomparable Polonius. Prior to this occasion, Hamlet is known to utilize his insight before he submits an errand, yet this one activity appeared to change his destiny. He later accuses his franticness as being liable for the demise of Polonius. Hamlet is currently beginning to lose his brain. Hamlet currently sets aside some effort to think about all the occasions that have quite recently happened. Everything isn't going his direction, makes his vengeance for his father’s murder troublesome. .u5c72a1b41c61f297fdd2caf4e77f2a55 , .u5c72a1b41c61f297fdd2caf4e77f2a55 .postImageUrl , .u5c72a1b41c61f297fdd2caf4e77f2a55 .focused content region { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u5c72a1b41c61f297fdd2caf4e77f2a55 , .u5c72a1b41c61f297fdd2caf4e77f2a55:hover , .u5c72a1b41c61f297fdd2caf4e77f2a55:visited , .u5c72a1b41c61f297fdd2caf4e77f2a55:active { border:0!important; } .u5c72a1b41c61f297fdd2caf4e77f2a55 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u5c72a1b41c61f297fdd2caf4e77f2a55 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; mistiness: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-change: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u5c72a1b41c61f297fdd2caf4e77f2a55:active , .u5c72a1b41c61f297fdd2caf4e77f2a55:hover { murkiness: 1; progress: obscurity 250ms; webkit-change: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u5c72a1b41c61f297fdd2caf4e77f2a55 .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u5c72a1b41c61f297fdd2caf4e77f2a55 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content beautification: underline; } .u5c72a1b41c61f297fdd2caf4e77f2a55 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u5c72a1b41c61f297fdd2caf4e77f2a55 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; fringe range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content adornment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: outright; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5c72a1b41c61f297fdd2caf4e77f2a55:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u5 c72a1b41c61f297fdd2caf4e77f2a55 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u5c72a1b41c61f297fdd2caf4e77f2a55-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u5c72a1b41c61f297fdd2caf4e77f2a55:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Andrew Coleman 10K Wednesday, 02 April 2003 EssayHe that hath made us with arge talk and the lack of ability of making divine explanation, made us just contain one section shrewdness and three sections defeatist. † With this, he addresses why he despite everything lives to state these words. â€Å"Witness this military of such mass and charge, drove by a fragile and delicate ruler, whose soul, with divine aspiration puff’d. † Hamlet underlines how a noble and unadulterated soul gets squashed by desire, the yearning of getting prestigious and acknowledged. â€Å"My musings be grisly or be not muc h. † Hamlet has now uncovered his own emergency. A noble and unadulterated soul that has been squashed by his aching vengeance towards Claudius. In Hamlet by Williams Shakespeare, Hamlet’s character is seen toward the start of the play as one of ideals and respectability. He turns into a survivor of underhandedness and corruptness since he never pardons Claudius for killing his dad and furthermore never excuses his own mom for wedding Claudius. Hamlet’s character change is plain to find in the last line of his last discourse â€Å"my considerations be ridiculous or be not much. † He permits himself to become somebody that flourishes off the idea of vengeance, and this, eventually, gets him executed.

Travelogue Part Une

Travelogue Part Une After a stressful week of essays after essays, assignments after assignments, I decided to take a break by traveling to Bath in Somerset, UK. I arrived in Bath bright and early around 10am. That means waking up at 5 am and walking to the Cambridge train station in sub-zero temperature, say -10 °C (okay, I know I live in Cambridge, Massachusetts so I can take the cold, but still!) Then I took a train to London at 6am and another train from London to Bath around 8am. The most adventurous part of it is probably the 5am walk to the station; it sounds a little torturous/scary but it was kinda worth it. When I saw people cleaning the streets and emptying garbage bins in the cold, when the sun wasn’t even up yet, I felt really grateful. For everything. After having lived abroad for 7 years and visited many places, I thought I would get a little lazy and wouldn’t make an effort to travel. But every time I managed to drag myself out of my super warm electric blanket (hooray to Mommy who made me bring it to England) and went somewhere new, I was reminded of why I love traveling so much. Was it the unusual calmness of the bustling city of Bath that you can only see in the morning? Was it the break-taking architecture of Bath Abbey? Or was it the company of my fabulous traveling buddies? I think it’s the whole package. The highlights of our trip must be the Roman Bath and the fashion museum. I got a little bit unreasonably excited when I was explained about the formation and chemistry of the hot springs that have been supplying water for the bath for thousands of years (my course 5 friends will be so proud!) But I decided to keep it cool because I was kinda surrounded by friends who are future bankers, economists and media specialists. The fashion museum was rather entertaining because we could try on panniers, which are undergarments worn in the 18th century that extend the width of the skirts beyond your widest imagination. Yes, I did feel like Marie Antoinette. Yes, I did tiptoe and try to walk really fast in the most graceful manner possible. And yes, I did stumble, only a little bit (I recovered pretty well) Another wonderful aspect of traveling is making new friends! In this trip, I met a wonderful and charming chocolatier from France. Thanks to my three French classes at MIT, I managed to have a decent conversation with him! He talked to me about his chocolate creations, his hometown and how he met Nicolas Cage here at the store. The whole nicolas-cage-was-here was obviously a joke (or IS IT?); but you know, French humor. And everything else was really interesting! He really liked our feisty group of girls so he decided to give us this little pink pig made out of marzipan as a little souvenir! Our day ended with a visit to Sally Lunn’s house where the famous Sally Lunn Bun was sold. Sally Lunn was a young French refugee who baked this rich round generous bread, light and delicious, a very popular delicacy in Georgian England. It was an awesome weekend getaway; I was a little sad to go back to Cambridge and face with the mountain of essays and applications. BUT FRET NOT, something really exciting happened yesterday! Drum rolls… I attended a talk by a professor from MIT, here in Cambridge!!! How awesome is that? Meet Professor Angelika Amon, an HHMI investigator, who currently works at David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research. When I saw a poster pasted on the Department of pathology’s notice board about her talk on aneuploidy, I just had to go. Firstly, I just learnt about aneuploidy in cancer in my lecture a few hours ago. Secondly, beaver love. Nuff said. It was a really cool talk, not only because it was right on the topic I was learning in class, but it really changes my perspective on posing the right questions in scientific enquiry. So aneuploidy is characterized by any deviation from an exact multiple of the haploid number of chromosomes (fewer or more). It’s different from polyploidy, which describes the state of having more than 2 sets of chromosomes. In humans, aneuploidy is the leading cause of miscarriages and mental retardation. Interestingly, it is also a key characteristic of cancer. More than 90 percent of all solid human tumors are aneuploid!!  I know both of these facts, but I haven’t never questioned why aneuploidy, a condition that is so deleterious in fetus, causing proteotoxic and energy stress, actually leads to cell proliferation and cancer in adults? If we can figure out how the proliferative ability of aneuploid cells comes about, we will gain a much greater understanding of evolution of tumor. And, perhaps, if we exaggerate the adverse effects of aneuploidy, say by inducing further energy stress, to eliminate the aneuploid cells, we can find new treatments of tumor!  How cool is that!! Needless to say, I was pretty excited by the end of the talk. During the reception afterwards, it’s even more inspiring to see Professor Amon talking to other researchers at Cambridge’s Laboratory of Molecular Biology who are working in the same field. She got really excited about the findings shared by these researchers that she pulled out her laptop to discuss further about those results she gathered!! Man, I felt incredibly lucky to be able to meet such a passionate and talented individual!! Thanks everyone for such a fantastic week :) and thanks to my dear friend Thu Hang from Warwick University, who took all those beautiful pictures of our trip to Bath!

Reflection On The Enlightenment - 967 Words

Enlightenment (Introduction†¦where are we going?) Enlightenment was a time of reasoning; a time where ideas/concepts opened many eyes around the world. The Enlightenment period brought many questions, but not so many answers. People also became more independent not only with their way of thinking, but also physically— spiritually—and emotionally. We often hear people talking about newton or Locke and their contribution to our society, but why are they so important? What exactly is â€Å"Enlightenment,† and what impact did it had in the world? Let’s find out together! (How would you define the Enlightenment in Europe?) A great description of Enlightenment in Europe to me would be eye opening! After reading chapter one and getting familiar the†¦show more content†¦Locke also said that this specific rights are not subject to government intervention. Our second idea was â€Å"reason of state† which is the idea that a â€Å"state should do anything ne cessary to advance its own well- being, including stealing, lying, or even murder.† (Carter Morris, 2017, p. 4) Finally, our third idea was â€Å"balance of power† which means that states are able to form alliances to protect themselves against other states. Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Roseau, NewtonXXXXXXXX were some of many influential thinkers of the time. (Carter Morris, 2017, p. 4) (Impact) During the Enlightenment period some of the most intelligent minds came out to prove a point. In the beginning society took it as if this intelligent minds were wrong because they did not want to face the facts. No one likes to be told that we need to think more because it makes us feel like we are not thinking enough. No one likes to be told how to raise their child because it makes us feel as we are not parenting right. During the enlightenment period, people that came out to say something could even be put to death. As more people like Locke came out, society began to question/reason. Some of this â€Å"Enlightenment Fathers† even wrote books that in now days are still read and used. I will never forget about the â€Å"Enlightenment Fathers† and their contribution to society. (Significance) The Enlightenment period was a very importantShow MoreRelatedCandide : A Reflection Of The Enlightenment1325 Words   |  6 Pages Candide: A Reflection of the Enlightenment Francois-Marie Arouet, otherwise known as Voltaire was an 18th century French philosopher and writer during the Enlightenment period. Voltaire’s most famous work of literature; Candide follows a young man who grows up in a Baron’s castle (Castle Thunder-ten-tronckh), under the instruction of Dr. Pangloss, a tutor and philosopher who worships optimism even under extreme circumstances. Throughout Voltaire’s novel, Candide and his companions encounter aRead MoreReflection About The Enlightenment1530 Words   |  7 PagesReacting to the Past Games first seemed to be a bit of an unusual way to approach learning information about the Enlightenment. In the past, I was often taught through the same repetitive and plain methods of factual memorization followed by exams. These techniques were both very dull and resulted in a â€Å"memory dump† of sorts. I was a bit afraid that this game would have a similar outcome. However, as the game progressed, I soon found i t more and more intriguing to learn about the time period andRead MoreReflection OnKnowing Others Is Wisdom, Mastering Yourself Is Enlightenment?966 Words   |  4 PagesI would like to begin with the quote â€Å"Knowing others is wisdom, mastering yourself is Enlightenment†. In this course I have discovered more about myself all through the class formally as well as informally. To my surprise few of the Management skills I was performing in my day to day life in a corporate environment without knowing it. And then there are some brand new skills I have learnt in the class such as Tuckman’s team model, Drexler/Sibbet team performance model. At first I was thinking IRead MoreThe Rings of Saturn by W.G. Sebald1335 Words   |  5 Pagesthesis draws specifically on their work The Dialectic of Enlightenment. The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement that spread through Europe during the eighteenth century, which involved a radical change in the way that philosophers and others understood the role of reason. It valued independent thought and promoted reason to a higher status and for some came to replace faith. Intrinsic in Sebald’s work is the idea that the Enlightenment project was programmed by violent distrusts of the non-identicalRead More Was The Enlightenment Really The Age of Reason? Essay1569 Words   |  7 Pagesand constantly building on previous insights. The Enlightenment is a historical period referring to the intellectual movement that swept across Europe in the 18th century. To tackle this question, I will be looking at two texts. The essays, ‘An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenme nt’ by Immanuel Kant, an 18th century philosopher, and ‘What is Enlightenment’ by Michel Foucault, a 20th century philosopher. The texts show that the Enlightenment was the age of reason because it allowed individualsRead More Perception Dante Alighieri’s in The Inferno Essay1321 Words   |  6 Pages Dante not only learns about the sinners but he learns about himself when his journey is reflected by a living soul in hell. Dante successfully completes his journey of enlightenment though hell by learning through active observation and self-reflection about himself and his journey. With the beneficial observation and reflection, Dante learns from the sinners and gains knowledge about himself. There is a strong emphasis on perception throughout the novel. It is through sight that Dante acknowledgesRead MoreLiberalism in French Revolution Through Enlightenment1593 Words   |  7 Pages-UNDER THE IDEA OF ENLIGHTENMENT Dare to know! Have courage to use your own reason!-Kant Contents ENLIGHTENMENT AS AN IDEA: 3 FRENCH SOCIETY: 3 THE LIBERAL REVOLUTION: 3 CRITICISM ON THE IDEA OF LIBERALISM: 4 CONCLUSION 5 BIBLIOGRAPHY 6 ENLIGHTENMENT AS AN IDEA: â€Å"Enlightenment is mans emergence from his self-imposed nonage†¦ Sapere Aude! Dare to Know! Have the courage to use your own understanding is therefore the motto of the Enlightenment.† Immanuel Kant (ColumbiaRead MoreEssay on The Enlightenment Movement 1041 Words   |  5 PagesThe 18th-century Enlightenment was an era that symbolized the desire to change social order of Europe citizens. The Church was thought to have been the source of truth and condemned any person that went against it, but people were beginning to think separately and independently from the Church. Thinkers of the Enlightenment provided new ideas based on reason, science, and valued humanity. In addition, writers of the Enlightenment intended to alter the relationship of people and government. AlthoughRead MoreAnalysis Of David Henry Thoreau s Poem, Where I Lived And What You Lived For955 Words   |  4 PagesKant argues, â€Å"Enlightenment is man’s emergence from his self-incurred imm aturity† (An Answer to the Question). In an agreeance to Thoreau, man has become indolent and passive, ignoring the world around them, and that one must, â€Å"Have the courage to use your own understanding† (Kant). One, who focuses their time on the present, forgets the mere thought of the future and the hardship of what it may bring. Kant indicates right away that the way out , that characterizes Enlightenment, is a processRead MoreA Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful: Edmund Burke1299 Words   |  6 PagesTo talk about the Enlightenment taking current times into consideration, and more specifically to talk about an enlightened aesthetic, may seem unusual as the concept â€Å"enlightened† is usually identify with political regimes and scientific systems. But the truth is a return to the meaning of the concept of enlightenment and its aesthetic has never been so necessary for understanding the world that surrounds u s as now. At a time in which cultural marketing and culture industries and their products

Prostitution Is A Worldwide Dilemma - 3053 Words

Introduction Wherever one has been born and raised throughout the world, prostitution has always been prevalent. Prostitution is a worldwide dilemma that occurs on a day-to-day basis with the opposite sex, as well as with the same sex. Prostitution, as many describe it, is the world s oldest profession, which is defined as the exchange of sex for money demonstrating that it has always existed and will continue to exist (Shannon, 2010, p.1388). Prostitution itself is a cycle; having sex with clients, getting arrested, going to jail, paying fines, and then returning to the streets and starting it all over again. Although the timeline of getting arrested varies dramatically between city to city, some go weeks/months without an arrest and†¦show more content†¦In this paper I will explain prostitution in Canada as a whole as well what should be done next to increase the safety and livelihoods for fellow Canadians. Explanation of Prostitution The exchange of sexual services for monetary considerations, the act that is referred to as â€Å"prostitution† or â€Å"sex work† that is done by prostitutes or sex workers (Corriveau Greco, 2014, p.347). Although prostitution sounds to be straightforward; one has sex for money. There is an intricate business behind what is commonly seen than just the prostitutes on the streets; there are, in fact, many different types of prostitution. With the several that I will explain, they come along with their own dangers and different business models. First, starting with the most basic, although not the most common, this one is the street employee. The street employee is one that walks around the streets but usually waits on a street corner for a potentially interested client to stop by and negotiate the prostitute s terms, and if they both agree on a price for whatever the client wants, then they will proceed to carry out the act either in the clie nt s car or a spot they boy decide on. Street employees earn relatively minuscule amounts of money and are most vulnerable to abuse. This includes theft, assault, rape, harassment, robbery and brutalities from clients. In

The Negative Effects of the Internet Free Essays

I wholly disagree with the notion that â€Å"When you give everyone a voice and everyone power, the system usually ends up in a really good place†. This idea is not only naive and foolish but simply untrue. Cyber bullying , cyber stalking and cyber paedophilia are threats that have sprung up in recent years in tandem with the modern phenomenon that is social media where everybody’s voice and opinion can be heard (well, read ) no matter how inappropriate illegal or damaging it may be to another person or even a group of people. We will write a custom essay sample on The Negative Effects of the Internet or any similar topic only for you Order Now Along with these cyber space based problems, content shared or posted online can often step over the threshold of the internet and affect somebody’s day to day life. However, seldom the voice and power given by the internet and social media is responsible for awareness campaigns such as â€Å"Kony 2012†. Unfortunately the harsh and brutal reality is, when people can hide behind computer screens, even gain anonymity if they wish, the darker side of a person quite often shines through and the system does not end up in â€Å"a really good place†. Cyber bulling, the scourge of my generation and many generations to come is vicious, devastating and unapologetic. Before the days of social media and even widespread mobile phone ownership, let’s say pre 2000 bullying would generally take place in school corridors, maybe within clubs or organisations and within the workplace. Even though bullying was and always will be a traumatic experience, in those days it was escapable, a victim of bullying could go home, or to a friends house or anywhere really out side where they were being bullied and be free of it. With the advent of social networking and text messages the torment of bullying has been made inescapable. Poisonously worded text messages, tormenting wall posts and mocking comments being fired at a person night and day by a coward hiding behind a computer screen is taking bullying to a whole new extreme. In my opinion cyber bullying is far more detrimental, vicious and calculated then ordinary bullying , because of the power a person can feel hiding behind a computer screen punching out letters, words ,sentences at a rapid pace not even facing the person the toxic words are aimed at. Internet famous â€Å" former â€Å"site model† and myspace girl Leda Muir admitted she has been a victim of hurtful ,offensive and threatening messages on the internet and in the past was also guilty of sending them to other people. She describes the â€Å"instant rush† sending offensive messages gave her, and how she simply forgot about it minutes later. When she talks about receiving comments and messages similar to the ones she herself once sent, it is an entirely different experience. She describes how each derogatory comment and message she received stayed with her for weeks, and how it made her feel belittled, humiliated and depressed even when she didn’t know any of the bullies personally. These bullies probably felt a similar rush to the one Leda described ,which probably comes from feeling â€Å"drunk on power† after all power corrupts and absolute power corrupts absolutely. In the year two thousand and twelve cyber stalking was more common then physical harassment. While in certain aspects it is similar to cyber bullying it is more disturbing, it is based on a twisted obsession with usually a single person with a determined and perverse want to control that person in some aspect. Unlike cyber bullies, cyber stalkers are not chasing an instant power high; they desire something much darker. The aim of a cyber stalker is to get their victim to yield to them in one way or another and may involve other people in this plan. Social media enables these individuals to obtain information such as where you live, work and even who your family members are which in turn gives them the power to make threats to you online using this information. As extreme as it sounds anyone could be cyber stalked, even as it turns out, Mark Zuckerburg himself who probably has the most heavily protected profile on facebook. His stalker Pradeep Manukonda attempted to contact both Zuckerburg and his sister Randi requesting money. When the police told him to cease contacting Zuckerburg , he ignored them and continued to send the facebook Ceo e-mails, hand written letters(in one of which he describes the â€Å"power to communicate) and flowers. He even went to the extent of travelling to face book’s main offices and even Mark Zuckerburg’s house. This was evidently a traumatic experience for Zuckerburg has he took out a restraining order against his stalker , this is a prime example of when everyone is given power buy information obtained on the internet, things do not end in a good place. Finally the most sickening and disturbing threat on the internet, cyber paedophilia. 99% of children between the ages of twelve and seventeen have access to the internet and this is something cyber predators are well aware of. Using chat rooms, web cam and an array of social networks paedophiles have the power to seek out potential victims. For example in two thousand and three , a man posted a message in a chat room requesting sexual favours in exchange for money, out of curiosity a pair of fourteen year old girls responded to this message and they were both violated. The man also texted the victims in order to intimidate and threaten them. This clearly illustrates how somebody can abuse the voice and power given to them by cyberspace to horrific effect. When everyone is given a voice, and given power it is up to the person themselves how they use that power. Some my raise awareness, some my rise to fabled â€Å"internet fame† and some may just spend twenty minutes browsing their news feed. However the idea of the whole system ending up in a good place is one of fantasy, some people can turn into power hungry monsters online while others may abuse their voice and power for disturbing reasons. When you give every one a voice and everyone power, the system won’t end up in a really good place. How to cite The Negative Effects of the Internet, Papers

White Squall Essay free essay sample

Decisions wont always be as simple as chocolate or vanilla; there will be times when decisions can change the path of life. In Riddle Coots film White Squall, characters made difficult decisions that couldve changed the path of their lives. When decisions are hard to make, there are three ways to get on the right track: make good choices that will make us happy, not making decisions based on fear or anger, and finding a support system that will understand us. Life wont always be perfect, but if we know that there is someone or something that can bring right back on track, we have a Geiger chance of making the right decision.Making decisions that will make us happy, not others can make a huge difference with the outcome of our decision, At the beginning of the film, Chuck made the decision of going on a boat school, the Albatross. We will write a custom essay sample on White Squall Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page At the same time, his father was questioning him if it was a good idea because a lot of schools did not recognize the Albatross. Deep inside, Chuck knew that it was a good idea, and at the same time he also wanted it. In the end, Chuck made the right decision of going. He learned things there that he couldnt have learned at a regular high school, and those things were reminders and teamwork.Even though some people might not support our decisions, we will not regret the choice because It was made based on what our hearts were saying. Making a mature decision based on truth is better than making a decision based on our emotions. An example of a decision based on emotions was when Frank killed the dolphin. He was angry and tired because of what his father had done to him. His father was very controlling and mean, and he wanted Frank to be someone else he didnt want to, With that, he killed the dolphin, which led him to the consequence of getting kicked out of the boat.On the other hand, a decision based on truth was when Frank rang the bell at court. Chuck told Frank that he had to do what he had to ad and Frank did as told. He realized that the accident was not Skippers fault, if it was someones fault, it would be everyones. Storms are inevitable and unpredictable, and no one could stop it. With that, everyone stood up and started to support each other. Decisions based on emotions will usually result to something regretful, but decisions based on the truth will usually result to happiness. A support system that will understand our joy and pain is an important thing to eave.Dean got into the Albatross with cheating. During an exam, Chuck and Gill confronted him because of cheating on an exam. With that, he confessed that he was having a rough time and he told the truth. Then, Chuck, Gill, and Frank made a small pact together with Dean, so he could do better at school. The pact made Dean excel at school. There was even a time when he did better than Chuck and GIG. Because of the pact, Dean learned that making the right choice was not hard as long he had a support system that backed him up. Support systems are crucial, and it should be used and accommodated.With support systems, making the right choice is easier. But without it, making the right choice is more complicated. Making the right choice is easy, but at the same time making the right choice is also difficult. Recognizing support systems and making decisions based on truth will influence our decisions, the outcome of the decision might not be as good as the outcome of a decision based on the truth. These three steps are crucial when it comes to getting on the right track. It is our choice if we want to recognize our support systems and emotions to make the right choice. White Squall Essay free essay sample Decisions won’t always be as simple as chocolate or vanilla; there will be times when decisions can change the path of life. In Ridley Scott’s film White Squall, characters made difficult decisions that could’ve changed the path of their lives. When decisions are hard to make, there are three ways to get on the right track: make good choices that will make us happy, not making decisions based on fear or anger, and finding a support system that will understand us. Life won’t always be perfect, but if we know that there is someone or something that can bring right back on track, we have a higher chance of making the right decision. Making decisions that will make us happy, not others can make a huge difference with the outcome of our decision. At the beginning of the film, Chuck made the decision of going on a boat school, the Albatross. We will write a custom essay sample on White Squall Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page At the same time, his father was questioning him if it was a good idea because a lot of schools did not recognize the Albatross. Deep inside, Chuck knew that it was a good idea, and at the same time he also wanted it. In the end, Chuck made the right decision of going. He learned things there that he couldn’t have learned at a regular high school, and those things were friendship and teamwork. Even though some people might not support our decisions, we will not regret the choice because it was made based on what our hearts were saying. Making a mature decision based on truth is better than making a decision based on our emotions. An example of a decision based on emotions was when Frank killed the dolphin. He was angry and tired because of what his father had done to him. His father was very controlling and mean, and he wanted Frank to be someone else he didn’t want to. With that, he killed the dolphin, which led him to the consequence of getting kicked out of the boat. On the other hand, a decision based on truth was when Frank rang the bell at court. Chuck told Frank that â€Å"he had to do what he had to do† and Frank did as told. He realized that the accident was not Skipper’s fault, if it was someone’s fault, it would be everyone’s. Storms are inevitable and unpredictable, and no one could stop it. With that, everyone stood up and started to support each other. Decisions based on emotions will usually result to something regretful, but decisions based on the truth will usually result to happiness. A support system that will understand our joy and pain is an important thing to have. Dean got into the Albatross with cheating. During an exam, Chuck and Gil confronted him because of cheating on an exam. With that, he confessed that he was having a rough time and he told the truth. Then, Chuck, Gil, and Frank made a small pact together with Dean, so he could do better at school. The pact made Dean excel at school. There was even a time when he did better than Chuck and Gil. Because of the pact, Dean learned that making the right choice was not hard as long he had a support system that backed him up. Support systems are crucial, and it should be used and accommodated. With support systems, making the right choice is easier. But without it, making the right choice is more complicated. Making the right choice is easy, but at the same time making the right choice is also difficult. Recognizing support systems and making decisions based on truth will make us feel more secure with making the right choice. If we let our emotions influence our decisions, the outcome of the decision might not be as good as the outcome of a decision based on the truth. These three steps are crucial when it comes to getting on the right track. It is our choice if we want to recognize our support systems and emotions to make the right choice.

The Bible and Archaeology

The Bible and Archaeology An important step forward in scientific archaeological research, and a 19th-century outgrowth of the previous centurys Enlightenment  was the search for the truth of the events written about in the ancient historical accounts of the past. The main truth of the Bible, Torah, Koran, and the Buddhist sacred texts among many others is (of course) not a scientific one but a truth of faith and religion. The roots of the scientific study of archaeology are deeply planted in the establishment of the boundaries of that truth. Is the Bible Fact or Fiction? This is one of the most common questions I get asked as an archaeologist and it is one for which I have yet to find a good answer. And yet the question is at the absolute heart of archaeology, central to the growth and development of archaeology, and it is the one that gets more archaeologists into trouble than any other. And, more to the point, it brings us back to the history of archaeology. Many if not most citizens of the world are naturally curious about ancient texts. After all, they form the basis of all human culture, philosophy, and religion. As discussed in the earlier parts of this series, at the end of the Enlightenment, many archaeologists began actively searching for the cities and cultures described in the available ancient texts and histories, such as Homer and the Bible, Gilgamesh, Confucian texts, and the Vedic manuscripts. Schliemann sought Homers Troy, Botta sought Nineveh, Kathleen Kenyon sought Jericho, Li Chi sought An-Yang, Arthur Evans at Mycenae, Koldewey at Babylon, and Woolley at Ur of the Chaldees. All of these scholars and more sought archaeological events in the ancient texts. Ancient Texts and Archaeological Studies But using ancient texts as the basis for historical investigation was- and still is- fraught with peril in any culture: and not just because the truth is hard to parse out. Governments and religious leaders have vested interests in seeing that religious texts and nationalistic myths remain unchanged and unchallenged- other parties might learn to see the ancient ruins as blasphemous. Nationalistic mythologies demand that there is a special state of grace for a particular culture, that the ancient texts are received wisdom, that their specific country and people are the center of the creative world. No Planet-Wide Floods When early geological investigations proved without a doubt that there was no planet-wide flood as described in the Old Testament of the Bible, there was a great cry of outrage. Early archaeologists fought against and lost battles of this sort time and again. The results of David Randal-McIvers excavations at Great Zimbabwe, an important trading site in southeastern Africa, were suppressed by the local colonial governments who wanted to believe that the site was Phoenician in derivation and not African. The beautiful effigy mounds found throughout North America by Euroamerican settlers were wrongly attributed to either the mound builders or a lost tribe of Israel. The fact of the matter is that ancient texts are renditions of ancient culture which may be partly reflected in the archaeological record and partly will not be- not fiction nor fact, but culture. Better Questions So, lets not ask if the Bible is true or false. Instead, lets ask a series of different questions: Did the places and cultures that are mentioned in the Bible and the other ancient texts exist? Yes, in many cases, they did. Archaeologists have found evidence for many of the locations and cultures mentioned in the ancient texts.Did the events that are described in these texts happen? Some of them did; archaeological evidence in the form of physical evidence or supporting documents from other sources can be found for some of the battles, the political struggles, and the building and collapse of cities.Did the mystical things that are described in the texts occur? Its not my area of expertise, but if I were to hazard a guess, if there were miracles that occurred, they wouldnt leave archaeological evidence.Since the places and the cultures and some of the events that are described in these texts happened, shouldnt we just assume that the mysterious parts also happened? No. Not any more than since Atlanta burned, Scarlett OHara really was dumped by Rhett Butler. There are so many ancient texts and stories about how the world began and many are at variance with one another. From a global human standpoint, why should one ancient text be more accepted than any other? The mysteries of the Bible and other ancient texts are just that: mysteries. It is not, and never has been, within the archaeological purview to prove or disprove their reality. That is a question of faith, not science.

A List of the Best Topic Ideas for Narrative Writing

A List of the Best Topic Ideas for Narrative Writing Topic Ideas for a Narrative Essay: Choose from the Best! Often, when a tutor asks to complete a narrative essay, students think that they must talk about their personal life, hardships and emotions. However, it may not be the case. You can always make up a situation, describe an interesting event or simply tell about a person you consider your role model. If you want to create a piece of art, don’t be in a hurry and choose a proper topic. Luckily, there are multiple ideas available online and you can choose a good one. Before you choose a single topic, it is important to get familiar with a list of outstanding ideas for a narrative essay, which can boost your imagination and inspire. When you pick a topic, make sure you research it and check whether the content is completely unique. You may be tempted to copy samples online to save lots of your time but try to write the paper from scratch and include sources according to requirements. Concentrate on the topic and lead the audience through your memory. If you let your words flow, you will see how simple it is to create a memorable story! When all of these elements come together, you are doomed to make a solid impression on the audience. Why a great narrative essay topic is so important? When you should deliver a narrative paper, it is necessary to choose whether to write on a topic, proposed by your teacher or to create your own. Take this stage seriously, because topic selection influences the success of your future essay. In case you can’t choose it on your own, there are always professional writers ready to help! Not depending what topic you choose, your essay should always be interesting and easy to read. That is why you should be passionate about the matter. Remember, a narrative essay is the best assignment to show how creative you are, pushing your imagination to its limits. When working on this sort of an essay, you have a chance not to follow all the regulations of a particular style. This makes narrative essays one of the most popular assignments among students. It may be quite challenging for a writer to invent a topic without any side help. You may find yourself stuck when asked to write about your own experience or feelings. That is why many students make a big mistake and stop their search on the first idea, which comes to their mind. However, the chosen topic should light your inner fire and interest the reader. That is why we have collected the most recent ideas for narrative essays, considering your academic background and required subject. Ideas for your narrative essay on experience The goal of any narrative essay is to help you render your stories through the paper, using various literary tools and instruments. That is why you should first think of all the events from your past, whether they are good or bad ones. Make sure you provide maximum details to give the reader a chance to dive into your word and live those emotions together with you. Topic examples on experience The story of your success; An awkward situation you remember; What was the scariest thing you have ever experienced? Memorable family events; A situation that made you value your life more; Unpleasant experience from your past; Event, which made you fight your fears; A thing, which made you appreciate life even more; Event, which influenced your life values; Facts, which made you who you are. Ideas on childhood Childhood is the time of new impressions and experiences when we are still very sincere and naà ¯ve. Often that makes children become a part of ridiculous and funny situations. Every person has plenty of stories to share about childhood, so the next list of topics will help you boost your memory and think of the past events from the childhood, which can turn into a great narrative essay. A day you got a trauma, when playing in the street; Your favorite childhood game and why; What profession you wanted to master when you were a child? Share a story about the most memorable birthday of yours; Experience from childhood, which made you grow up at once; Did you ever get hurt, when playing with friends? What happened? What fairytale do you like the most? What did you like to do, when you were a child? Your favorite childhood belongings; What you miss the most about your childhood? Topics on school years School is a sort of bridge between the childhood and the adult life, where children get new skills, experience and knowledge. School years are filled with lots of challenges, which push the personality to new limits. All of these challenges are unique, and every child or teenager has plenty of stories to share. That is why, if you stop your choice on a school years topic, your essay will surely be original. The most awful event, which has ever happened in your class; When was the first time you participated in a school event? What was your favorite school subject? Why? Did you have any role models among teachers? Did teachers influence your personality? What school events made you who you are? Do you want to remain friends with a particular teacher? What did you like to study most of all at an elementary school? Who was your primary school best friend? What is your strongest school year memory? Topics on relationships We are all connected with other people: our relatives, friends, spouses. Every day we interact with other people, which cause positive or negative emotions. Your stories about people you love or hate are very personalized, which means that relationships are always a great source of inspiration! Did you break up with a close friend? Why? Who are you scared to lose most of all? When was the last time you were rejected? What was the funniest relationship misunderstanding you have ever experienced? Do you have loyal friends? What was the most awful argument in your life? Can you love one person for a lifetime? What impact did your first love have on you? The funniest times you had with your grandparents; Do you have many friends at school or college? Morality topics While every country has its own laws and regulations, there are laws, which regulate the lives of people across every continent and are called laws of morality and ethics. This topic is quite controversial and has lots of debatable issues, because every person is looking at the topic from his or her point of view. That is why such topics always cause interest and make the audience want to go on reading your essay. The most choice you had to make; Do you try to avoid strangers? Do you often lie? Examples of a situation, when you acted like a coward; What are the most disturbing morality problems for you? When and why did you break the rules? Do you often have to face ethics challenges? Do you regularly overhear other people talk? What is the biggest morality challenge you experience right now? A situation, when you helped your close friend to overcome a difficult morality issue. Ideas to talk about interests Our interests make up who we are because they occupy lots of our time. Our personal interests are made up of interesting events and hobbies, which is always a great topic to discuss. When writing a narrative essay on interests, you can tell about your music tastes, the ways how you like to spend leisure and so on. Write your essay passionately and you will surely get a high grade. What was the most remarkable movie you have ever seen? The most touching song you have ever heard; What talent do you dream to possess? Are you good at sports? Are there celebrities you would like to have dinner with? What book character you want to be? What talents have you already discovered in yourself? Are there book characters, which you associate yourself with? If there was a chance to shoot a movie, what it would be about? Did you ever want to write a book? Traveling topics It is almost impossible to find a teenager, who isn’t fond of traveling and discovering new places. When you are traveling, every moment is filled with new emotions and impressions. Even if every person in your class has visited Paris, you still have your own experience to share. There are plenty of ideas for writing a great narrative essay! Do you have a friend from abroad? What is your favorite vacation place? When was the first time you have visited a countryside or a big city (depending on where you are from)? What is your favorite way of traveling? Things you always take with you when traveling; If you owned a million dollars, where would you go to? The most memorable trip; If you had a chance to go to a camp again, what would you change there? Tell about your bad experience, when traveling; What do you like more: family vacations or trips with friends? College life topics Being a college or university student is completely different from being in school. It has more challenges and adventures because you need to meet lots of new people, learn massive amounts of information and adjust to new rules and laws. This makes college stories a great plot for a narrative essay. College years are called the best in every person’s life, so there are definitely plenty of stories to share! What was the most difficult exam? Lecture, which impressed you the most; Describe your first day at the university/college; The best party you have attended; The most awful event, which happened to you in college; People, who influenced you the most during college years; Do you communicate with foreign students? Are there are any role models among your teachers? Your favorite college subject; Why did you choose the particular college? Imagine if Often students are asked to write on a topic, which starts with words like ‘Imagine if..’ Such assignments usually require writing about things that may be possible in the future. This kind of topics is definitely one of the most popular ones because students can make up literally anything without revealing their personality much. The only limit is your imagination! Imagine if you invented the time machine. Where would you go? Imagine if you could be an animal. Who would you be? Imagine yourself a billionaire. How would you spend money? Imagine if you were a comic-book character. What power would you choose? The most recent and fresh topics Finding a topic, which would reflect your personality and still be interesting for the reader is quite a challenging task. That is why we have carefully examined the most popular subjects and categories to make a list of topics, which may inspire you the most! How would you spend millions of dollars, won in a lottery? If you could change only one thing in your life, what would it be? Your first job; If you could only turn back the time, what would you change? The most awful thing you have seen in your life; Your first time facing fear; Everyday issues, which bother you the most; An achievement you are proud of the most; Thing in your character, which annoys you the most; Do you have any family traditions? What makes you different from other family members; What do you like most about your teachers and why? Did you ever have to face the police? What was the case? Are you good at managing time and planning beforehand? Do you devote enough time to yourself? What was the most important lesson you have ever learned? Do you feel pressure to get a perfect appearance and body? Next step Once you find the most suitable topic, which meets all of your expectations, you need to get familiar with the tutor’s recommendations and guidelines. Make sure you know what length your essay should be and whether any sources are required. We are happy to provide you with the most important tips on writing a great narrative essay: Concentrate on things, which are important for the coverage of your topic. If possible, avoid irrelevant details and unnecessary information, which will only harm your essay; Instead of making up facts or lying to sound more interesting, try to explore the topic. Your audience will value your honesty; To make your text sound as a single piece, use transition words and phrases to sound logical. Connect all of your ideas and interlink paragraphs; Always write a conclusion. Although a narrative essay may have a free structure, it should still contain a summary of your work; Always reread the text and make sure that it is interesting. If you don’t like reading it yourself, others will hardly find it worth their time and attention; There should always be limits not to bore the reader. Of course, you may be tempted to tell the audience as much as possible. However, try to concentrate on main details; Remain creative, applying various stylistic instruments; Carefully follow tutor’s guidelines. Although a narrative essay is quite a free genre, it should still follow a certain pattern.

Integration - Causal Chains and Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Integration - Causal Chains and Strategy - Essay Example This improvement will be caused due to the increased employees’ professionalism and their motivation. Thus, TCCB customers will be satisfied with an excellent service. Customer’s satisfaction will lead to improved loan and deposit balances, and non-interest income. Also, satisfied customers will advertise TCCB to other people because of its excellent service and broad assortment of products (new loans, etc.). The 3rd chain: Customer’s satisfaction and retention will be also increased due to making thank you calls and providing cards to new and existing customers. Having TCCB cards customers will come again to the TCCB, thus will be increased customer’s retention. Finally, TCCB will improve its loan balances, deposit balances, and non-interest income. While evaluating the effectiveness of the balanced scorecard approach between two categories of branches A-E and F-J, it was obvious that the first category (A-E) demonstrated much better financial results than the second category (F-J). According to the data presented in Table 3, all branches that had applied the BSC except E, demonstrated financial increases in loan balance, deposit balance and non-interest balance. While the branches F-J also have demonstrated financial improvements for one year of performance, these improvements were hardly noticeable. In 2001, F branch demonstrated decrease ($1 mln) in deposit balance comparing with the previous financial year; performance of G branch in loan balance did not change for one year; and branch H have demonstrated decrease ($3 mln) in noninterest income (Albright, Davis, Hibbets 2001, p.59). The branches that applied BSC demonstrated only increases in loan balance, deposit balance and noninterest income; there were no decreases in terms of financial performance. While the financial improvements were performed by A-E

Geography and Careers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Geography and Careers - Essay Example chnology and a solid knowledge of the world while in addition, amongst others, helping in managing natural and urban environments, analyzing the evolving relationship between people and places, planning transportation routes, investigating sustainable land use worldwide, creating geographic management systems for industries and government agencies and helping understand and restore natural ecosystems (Association of American Geographers, 1). The society boasts members from more than 60 nations who come together to share interests in theory, methods and practice in geography. This they do via the AAG’s Annual Meeting, scholarly journals, the online AAG Newsletter, amongst other avenues. Through the activities of its affinity groups and the more than 60 specialty groups, the AAG promotes deliberations amongst members and with scholars in associated fields. The meetings and activities of regional divisions serve to offer opportunities for networking amongst members in any part of the globe. The AAG membership is predominantly comprised of geographers and related professionals who work in the public, private and academic sectors. These members serve in a wide variety of professions from across the world. Over 300 volunteer leaders serve on the Council of the AAG and other committees and groups. The AAG uses educational and research programs and projects to enhance geographic understanding, learning and literacy across the globe and with its headquarters currently in Washington, D.C, the association strives to promote professional studies in geography while encouraging the application of geographic research in education, business, government and related fields. It is reputed for its numerous partnerships as well as developing and managing programs, outcomes to the policy making sector and international outreach. The AAG has its industry and faculty awards and honors which offer recognition to brilliant contributors in the profession. Grant programs are also

Case Study Mazda Motor Corporation Marketing Essay

Case Study Mazda Motor Corporation Marketing Essay Mazda Motor Corporation is one of the worlds leading car manufacturers with the total net sales in 2009 reaching a whopping 2,535.9 billion Yen. Mazda Motor Corporation was established in Japan in 1920, under the name, Toyo Cork Kogyo. Initially only dealing with the manufacturing of car parts, they have ventured out to the producing of commercial trucks, eventually proceeding on to the manufacturing of cars, which it is widely known for nowadays. As times passes, Mazda Motor Corporations has since successfully ventured out of Japan, conquering other parts of the world including Mexico, Italy, Thailand just to name a few, as well as establishing Research and Development sites in countries like Germany, China, and the United States of America. Mazda Motor Corporation mainly cater to the needs of 2 different segments of consumers: Commercial consumers and Non-Commercial Consumers. Vehicles under the Mazda E-series and Mazda BT-50 cater for commercial purposes. Examples of vehicles that fall under the above categories include pick-ups, lorries and vans which are most commonly used by companies for transporting of goods and materials etc. On the other hand, Mazda also cater to non commercial consumers and their vehicles are designed specifically to satisfy 2 groups of consumers: Family PMET ( Professional, Managers, Executives and Technicians). Models such as Mazda 5 and Mazda 8 are MVPs (Multi Purpose Vehicles) which are well suited for large families while models like Mazda 3 Mazda 6 are the typical family sedans suitable for smaller families. On the other hand, models like Mazda RX-8 and Mazda MX-5 offer a more sporty look and may seem to appeal more to young working professionals or PMETS. Mazda 2 Mazda CX-7 are SUVs( Sports Utility Vehicles which are targeted towards sports enthusiasts. The head office of Mazda Motor Corporation is located at 3-1 Shinchi, Fuchu-Cho, Aki-gun, Hiroshima, with different branches located at various parts of Japan like Osaka, Tokyo, Yamaguchi and many more to allow provide easy accessibility to consumers. Mazda Motor Corporation has adopted a mixture of B2B (business to business), B2C (business to consumer) business model. The company has a wide range of products to cater to the needs of both commercial and non commercial consumers. By segmenting out their target consumers, Mazda will be able to spread out the risk of doing business should the sales in one market suffer. This strategy will also enable Mazda to reap the benefits of increasing its market share in both the commercial and non commercial segments. Purchasing Strategies Mazda Motor Corporation, despite being a car manufacturer, obtains their parts and materials from suppliers. The 3 main suppliers which they obtain essential parts includes: Kanto Yokokai (located in Kanto, Kansai and Tokai regions of Japan) and Nishi Nihon Yokokai (located in Chugoku, Shikoku and Kyushu regions of Japan). Mazda Motor Corporation obtains their necessary materials like plastic from Yoshinkai. However, the engines of all Mazda cars are manufactured by the company itself, instead of obtaining it from suppliers. Parts for the car like screws and nuts are obtained from multiple suppliers. This allows the company to have a wider variety of choices to choose from since they are not limited to only one supplier. This provides them with flexibility as well as more bargaining power, which will allow them to obtain their necessary materials at the cheapest possible price. However, the materials used in the car manufacturing process are obtained from only one supplier. Though there is only a single supplier for the materials, Mazda Motor Corporation is also able to obtain the materials needed at a suitable price. This is due to the fact that Mazda Motor Corporation has chosen Yoshinkai as their sole supplier for materials. This will allow them to have special benefits since the honour of being the sole supplier of materials is given to Yoshinkai. A few reasons why Mazda Motor Corporation has decided to buy the materials and parts instead of making it themselves is because of cost advantages, lack of expertise as well as the quality of the supplied items. If Mazda Motor Corporation, a car manufacturing company, were to venture into the production of their own required parts and materials, the company will not be focused on car manufacturing but on other areas like manufacturing of metal for example. This will be expensive for the company since they would have to spend more money to research on the steps needed to carry this out since there is a lack of knowledge in this area. Even if this research is a success and the company managed to produce the items needed, the quality may not be as good as that of which are obtained from their suppliers, who are more experienced. This may also cause Mazda Motor Corporation to lose their identity as a leading car manufacturer as consumers might be confused as to whether Mazda Motor Corporation is a car manufacturer or a manufacturer of materials and parts. There are certain areas which Mazda Motor Corporation looks out for while deciding which supplier to purchase their parts and materials for. These areas are quality of the delivered items, time for delivery of the materials and cost of these materials. All if not most companies operate for one common aim, which is to make profit. Mazda Motor Corporation is no exception. Thus, it is essential for the company to obtain the materials needed at the cheapest price available without compromising the quality of the materials. This will allow their budget to be lowered, which will eventually lead to a higher profit gain as compared to when the company purchase the same materials, with the same quality at a higher price. The time at which the materials are delivered is equally important as well. If the materials ordered are delivered late, this may lead to a delay of production, which may lead to a loss of profit for the company. In worse case scenarios, the company may have to compensate their customers if production is halted because of this delay. Mazda Motor Corporation also adopts the Make-To-Stock strategy for its operations. This is due to the fact that the company is churning out the same few models of cars in a huge volume. Thus, by adopting this strategy, the company is able to meets its production target and satisfaction of the majority of its customers can be guaranteed. The low manufacturing costs also allows the company to make a profit as well. However, the company also utilises the Make-To-Order Strategy. This can be seen in the customization option which Mazda Motor Corporation offers to customers who wishes to customize their cars. This provides a wider range of product options to customers and not limiting them to purchasing cars which are already made. Order Management Mazda Motor Corporation has showrooms located in its head office as well as in many other regions around the country, be it in Japan, where their main head office is located, or in other countries which Mazda Motor Corporation has ventured into. Interested customers can either walk-in to any of their showrooms, where a sales associate will assist them in choosing a suitable car for them, or an appointment can be made beforehand either through telephone or email. Once the customer has chosen their desired car, an order form will be filled in, which will be entered into their system later on. An invoice will then be issued to the customer. The order will be passed on the head office, where the staff will check with their records to see if there are still stock available. If not, they will check if production for that particular car has been scheduled. Otherwise, a delivery order will be given to the distribution centre where the car will be picked by the staff according to details on t he picking list. Transport will be arranged to deliver the car to the selected venue where the customer will collect it. This venue will either be at the warehouse, or the service centre since the showroom may not have enough space to store the cars. Mazda Motor Corporation, at the moment, only handles sales of its cars at their showroom and not through other channels like email or telephone calls. ordermanagement model .jpg Inventory Management Mazda Motor Corporation has developed its own inventory management system called the Mazda Materials Management Planning, also known as M3P in the auto industry. This system allows the company to have efficient control over its stocks and inventory levels, which in turn will allow the company to have increased efficiency in meeting demands in production level. Alongside with M3P, Mazda Motor Corporation has also utilised the point of sale system, also known widely as POS, to complement their self produced inventory management system. POS allows the automation of inventory control in a bid to increase the work efficiency of the staff to allow them to obtain all the information required so as to handle customers needs without much difficulty. In the long run, the high efficiency of the staff will allow the company to bring in more revenue since the company will have made a name for themselves due to their high work efficiency rate. M3P also allows the company to have better demand forecast. This will allow the company to predict and plan and schedule order of parts and materials needed so as to continue productions and ensure that there are no unexpected halt to production plans because of insufficient inventory levels. Delivery time can also be further enhanced through the utilisation of this system. In turn, this will help improve satisfaction in customers and allow Mazda Motor Corporation to build up its reputation of having an organized and well-planned system to manage both the companys as well as the customers needs. Operations Planning Mazda Motor Corporation carried out long-range operation planning with the assistance of M3P. M3P, when coupled with all the different statistics of inventory management, provides a rather accurate forecast which allows it to handle supply and demand to meet its various needs. This allows the company to have detailed demand forecasts of up to a year, which enables them to have proper planning of their production schedules. This will give the company to have sufficient time to resolve any issues which they might encounter in the areas of outsourcing of their materials, expansion of the company and other various aspects. With all the above carried out, Materials Requirement Planning (MRP) is also carried out thereafter. Mazda Motor Corporations plans all the different parts of the car which will be produced. This allows the company to have a schedule at which a particular car should be completed, together with all the materials needed and whether there is a need to order these materials should there not be enough in the inventory. By doing so, the company will be able to meet all, if not most of their sales order. Customer Relationship Management Like most companies, Mazda Motor Corporation takes great pride in building up a good relationship between customers and the company. The company itself sees a need to have a common understanding with its customers. This is one of the reasons why the company has come up with an approach to ensure customer satisfaction. [INSERT MAZDA FOUR PILLARS HERE] The company believe in providing different appealing products to customers. Quality of the product is also ensured in order to maintain the reputation of one of the leading car manufacturers in Japan. Efficient after-sales service is also provided to make sure that customers are being taken care of even after a purchase has been made. The company believes that by understanding the various needs and wants of their customers, the company will then be able to improve and make changes to better suit the customers needs. Mazda Motor Corporation is also open to comments and suggestions from its customers through its call centre. The call centre handles inquiries, complaints as well as suggestion from its customers. Besides through the call centre, customers are also able to provide their input through the Mazda Motor Corporation website on the Inquiries page. The company takes all these input seriously. By doing so, they are able to make changes to keep up with the customers needs. This in turn, will allow the customers to feel that the company is doing their best to serve the customers and ultimately, allow them to have a good impression of the company. Mazda Motor Corporation will then be able to ensure a never ending flow of customers, which allows more generation of profit for the company. Purchasing Strategies Mazda Motor Corporation purchases its parts from multiple suppliers, but only a single supplier for its materials. On the surface, this may not be a problem to the company as of now. However, with only a single supplier for its materials, Mazda may end up being on the losing end in the event if the supplier is to increase price in order to gain more profit, seeing that they are the only sole supplier of the materials. If such a situation happens, the company will have to raise their budget to accommodate the sudden hike in price, which will in turn reduce their total earnings. In worse cases, if the company is unable to come to terms with their supplier, productions will have to be halted and production schedules will be delayed. This will cause the company to be unable to meet the demands of customers and the company may have to pay a large sum of money as compensation. A sudden shortage of materials from its suppliers may also cause the company to put their production plans on halt since there are insufficient materials. Time will then be wasted in order to source for another supplier to obtain the necessary materials. To solve this problem, Mazda Motor Corporation can outsource for a second supplier for its materials. By having a second supplier, the company will have a backup option should they be unable to obtain their materials from one of its suppliers. This will also allow the company to have greater bargaining power to obtain the materials at a lower cost since there are now competitions between the two suppliers. Order Management Customers purchase of cars in Mazda Motor Corporation is done on-site, which means that all orders are handled in the show rooms of the company. Since no orders can be done online or through phone calls, the company will lose business to its competitors in the auto industry who may have started accepting orders online or via phone calls. This, in the long run, will cause the company to lose its reputable position as one of the leading car manufacturers in Japan and ultimately, reducing profits for the company. Thus, a solution can be devised to solve this problem. Firstly, the company adopt the idea of e-commerce by having an online order system. This allows customers to make purchases online, anywhere 24/7. With such an approach, the company will be updated with technology trends and yet carry out business at the same time, killing two birds with one stone. A user-friendly e-commerce website can be incorporated into the current website of the company. This will allow the company to have a website with multiple usability. Customers can view available products and if they are interested, make purchases online. With such convenience, customers satisfaction is sure to be guaranteed as they are able to buy their desire car through a hassle-free process. By implementing the above solution, Mazda Motor Corporation will be able to portray themselves as a company that is able to accept changes to satisfy customers needs and keep their reputation as one of the leading car manufacturers in Japan. Inventory Management As mentioned in earlier parts of the report, Mazda Motor Corporation utilises their own unique inventory system, M3P to handle its inventory. Though this system has been said to aid the company in controlling its inventory levels to meet production demands, it is not entirely perfect. The reason being, any program, no matter how good it is, will bound to fail at times. Since Mazda Motor Corporation relies heavily on M3P to handle its inventory, there will be major problems should the system were to malfunction at any one point of time. Inventory levels will then not be updated and the company may miscalculate its production schedules. This may cause all productions to be affected. Demands will also not be met and it will affect the entire operations of the company. Another reason is that inventory levels in the system may not be updated real-time. This is a serious issue to the staff of Mazda Motor Corporation, The staff will not be able to gauge accurately whether there is a need to replenish its stocks since the inventory levels is not accurate. This might then lead to a shortage in supply of stocks, affecting the operation of the company. One measure which the company can undertake would be to have sufficient safety stock at any one point of time. Thus, if M3P were to fail because of any unexpected errors at any one point of time, there will still be enough safety stocks to provide temporary relief if there should be any miscalculations of inventory levels due to the system fault. Operations Planning Mazda Motor Corporation, with the help of its inventory management system M3P, plans its operations on a long term basis. This, on the surface may look impressive as it portrays the image that the company is able to do this because of their great foresight. However, though plans may be carried out beforehand, there might be certain unexpected situations that may occur in between. For example, the company may undergo acquisition by other company for commercial purposes. This may result in major changes in operations of the company. Suppliers may not be willing to supply necessary resources to the company, which may affect productions and delivery of goods to customers. Late delivery of goods will not only cause the company to incur additional costs, it will also affect customer relationship and the companys reputation may also be at risk. This problem is not difficult to solve. Mazda Motor Corporation can still have long term planning done ahead of time with the forecast predicted through the usage of M3P. However, backup plans should be done alongside with all its future plans and schedules. This will allow the company to have different alternatives when they are faced with an unexpected situation or emergency. The company will thus be able to have well-planned schedules and not worry if any problems will affect its operations since they have backup plans for insurance. Customer Service Relation Having good relations with customers is one of the values which Mazda Motor Corporation possesses. This is why the company has set up a call centre with around 50 staff to respond to any calls with questions regarding various issues. An inquiry page has also been set up to allow customers to enter all their queries for an answer online, on the Mazda Motor Corporation homepage. However, there might be certain questions which may be complicated and the staff may take more time to respond to these questions. Though there may be similar questions asked before, not all staff members may be aware of these questions and the solutions to it. Thus, the response time may be reduced greatly and the work speed may not be as efficient as expected. It will also pose a problem should there not be enough staff to entertain queries from customers since there is only 50 staff to handle all this questions. Thus, besides adding on to the inquiry page on the homepage of Mazda Motor Corporation, the company can also make use of the latest social networking tools. One example would be the use of Facebook. The company interact with customers with this. Customers will also be able to inquire about certain things by posting a comment on the page. This way, if the staffs of Mazda Motor Corporation are unable to provide a response to the customer quickly, there might be other people who will be able to answer these questions. One advantage of this is that customers are able to connect with other customers and not only the company itself. This will allow them to exchange information needed and ease the burden on staffs handling these inquiries, though this does not mean that the staff will not be responding to any questions posed by customers. This form of connection between customers will allow experience to be shared among each other as well. Besides helping to improve customer relationship, social networking can be a way for Mazda Motor Corporation to provide updates to its customers. This can include events or promotions. Thus, this form of interaction will be beneficial in helping bridging the gap between customers and the company.

Judicial review

We repeat these answers here as a convenience to you. IA Judicial review The courts can decide whether the laws or actions of the legislative and executive branches of government are constitutional. The process for making this determination is judicial review.The doctrine of judicial review was established in 1803 when the United States Supreme Court decided Mammary . Madison. AAA Jurisdiction To hear a case, a court must have jurisdiction over the person against whom the suit is brought or over the property involved in the suit. The court must also have jurisdiction over the subject matter. Generally, courts apply a â€Å"sliding-scale† standard to determine when it is proper to exercise jurisdiction over a defendant whose only connection with the jurisdiction is the Internet. A Trial and appellate courts A trial court is a court in which a lawsuit begins, a trial takes place, and evidence is presented. An appellate court reviews the rulings of trial court, on appeal from a j udgment or order of the lower court. AAA Discovery Discovery is the process of obtaining information and evidence about a case from the other party or third parties. Discovery entails gaining access to witnesses, documents, records, and other types of evidence. Electronic discovery differs in its subject-?that is, e-media rather than traditional sources of information, such as paper documents. A Alternative dispute resolution The traditional method of resolving a legal dispute is through litigation. Alternative methods include negotiation, mediation, and arbitration. In negotiation, the parties attempt to settle their dispute informally without the involvement of a third party acting as mediator. In mediation, the parties attempt to come to an agreement with the assistance of a neutral third party, a mediator, who does not, however, make a decision in the dispute. In arbitration, a neutral third party or a panel of experts hears a dispute and renders a decision.Answers to Critical T hinking Questions in the Features Beyond Our Borders-?critical Thinking (Page 76) One of the arguments against allowing Shari courts in the United States is hat We would no longer have a common legal framework within our society. Do you agree or disagree? Why? Arguments in favor of allowing Shari courts-?or at least permitting the application of Shari principles in disputes in U. S. Courts or in alternative methods of dispute resolution-?include the legal and cultural principle of giving effect to agreements.If the parties to a dispute have agreed to a certain set of standards to govern their situation, those standards could be applied. This would not undercut our common legal framework, but reinforce it. Arguments against allowing Shari courts or reminisces in the United States would most likely center on the conflicts between Shari tribunals and standards and state or federal authority, governmental bodies, or law. Adapting the Law to the Online Environment-?critical Thinking (Pag e 83) How might a large company protect itself from allegations that it intentionally failed to preserve electronic data?A corporation might defend against charges of intentional destruction or loss of data by showing, for example, that the absence is due to the implementation of a policy to periodically purge electronic systems. Such charges might be avoided by not destroying he data but instead storing it. Questions in the Cases Case 3. 1 -?Critical Thinking (Page 69) Ethical Consideration Was it fair for the North Carolina courts to require a New Jersey company to litigate in North Carolina? Explain. Yes, it was fair to require Independence to litigate in North Carolina.The courts ruling did not offend â€Å"traditional notions of fair play and substantial justice† because Independence purposely availed itself of the privilege of doing business in North Carolina. Independence had engaged in numerous transactions with Southern for a year and had billed Southern for services in amounts totaling ore than $21,000. Therefore, Independence should have expected to be hailed into court in North Carolina in the event of a dispute. Case 3. 2-?What If the Facts Were Different? Page 73) Suppose Gucci had not presented evidence that the defendant made one actual sale through his Web site to a resident of the court's district (the private investigator). Would the court still have found that it had personal jurisdiction over Hugging? Why or why not? The single sale to a resident of the district, Gucci private investigator, helped the plaintiff establish that the defendant ‘s Web site was interactive and that the defendant used the Web tit to sell goods to residents in the court's district.It is possible that without proof of such a sale, the court would not have found that it had personal jurisdiction over the foreign defendant. The reason is that courts cannot exercise jurisdiction over foreign defendants unless they can show the defendants had minimum conta cts with the forum, such as by selling goods within the forum. Case 3. 3-?Critical Thinking (Page 90) gal Consideration How would business be affected if each state could pass a statute, like the one in Texas, allowing parties to void out-of-state arbitration?If all states could pass statutes like the one in Texas, many parties would probably be less inclined to transact business. An arbitration provision allows a party to limit the burden and expense of settling any disputes. If another party could freely void such an agreement, there would be a greater risk of arbitration in an inconvenient forum, costly formal litigation, or both. That risk increases the perceived costs of doing business, making the business opportunity less attractive. Thus, many parties may decline to enter contracts without enforceable arbitration provisions.Answers to Questions in the Reviewing Feature t the End of the Chapter IA. Federal jurisdiction The federal district court can exercise jurisdiction in th is case because the case involves diversity of citizenship. Diversity jurisdiction requires that the plaintiff and defendant be from different states and that the dollar amount of the controversy exceed $75,000. Here, Garner resides in Illinois, and Foreman and his manager live in Texas. Because the dispute involved the promotion of a series of boxing matches with George Foreman, the amount in controversy likely exceeded the required threshold amount. A. Original or appellate jurisdiction Original jurisdiction, because the case was initiated in that court and that is where the trial will take place. Courts having original jurisdiction are courts of the first instance, or trial courts-?that is courts in which lawsuits begin, trials take place, and evidence is presented. In the federal court system, the district courts are the trial courts, so the federal district court has original jurisdiction. AAA. Jurisdiction in Illinois No, because the defendants lacked minimum contacts with the state of Illinois.Because the defendants were located out of the state, the court would eave to determine whether they had sufficient contacts with the State for the Illinois to exercise jurisdiction based on a long arm statute. Here, the defendants never came to Illinois, and the contract that they are alleged to have breached was not formed in Illinois. Thus, it is unlikely that an Illinois state court would find that sufficient minimum contacts existed to exercise AAA. Jurisdiction in Nevada Yes, because the defendants met with Garner and formed a contract in the state of Nevada.A state can exercise jurisdiction over out-of-state defendants under a long arm statute if the defendants had sufficient contacts with the State. Here, the parties met and negotiated their contract in Nevada, and a court would likely hold that these activities were sufficient to justify a Nevada courts exercising personal jurisdiction. Answer to Debate This Question in the Reviewing Feature at the End of the Chapter In this age of the Internet, when people communicate via e-mail, tweets, Backbone, and Keep, is the concept of jurisdiction losing its meaning?Many believe that yes, the idea of determining jurisdiction based on individuals' and companies' physical locations no longer has much meaning. Increasingly, entrants are formed via online communications. Does it matter where one Of the parties has a physical presence? Does it matter where the e-mail server or Web page server is located? Probably not. In contrast, in one sense, jurisdiction still has to be decided when conflicts arise. Slowly, but ever so surely, courts are developing rules to determine where jurisdiction lies when one or both parties used online systems to sell or buy goods or services.In the final analysis, a specific court in a specific physical location has to try each case. Answers to Issue Spotters in the Example Feature at the End of the Chapter IA Sue contracts with Tom to deliver a quantity of computers to Cue's Computer Store. They disagree over the amount, the delivery date, the price, and the quality. Sue files a suit against Tom in a state court. Their state requires that their dispute be submitted to mediation or nonbinding arbitration. Fifth dispute is not resolved, or if either party disagrees with the decision of the mediator or arbitrator, will a court hear the case?Explain. Yes. Submission of the dispute to mediation or nonbinding arbitration is mandatory, but compliance with the decision Of the mediator or arbitrator is voluntary. A At the trial, after Sue calls her witnesses, offers her evidence, and otherwise presents her side of the case, Tom has at least two choices between courses of actions. Tom can call his first witness. What else might he do? Tom could file a motion for a directed verdict. This motion asks the judge to direct a verdict for Tom on the ground that Sue presented no evidence that would justify granting Jan relief.The judge grants the motion if there is insufficient evidence to raise an issue of fact. Answers to Questions and Case Problems Business Scenarios and Case Problems 3-1 A Standing to sue (BELT page 73) This problem concerns standing to sue. As you read in the chapter, to have standing to sue, a party must have a legally protected, tangible interest at stake. The party must show that he or she has been injured, or is likely to be injured, by the actions of the party that he or she seeks to sue. In this problem, the issue is whether the Turns had been injured, or were likely to be injured, by the county's landfill operations.Clearly, one could argue that the injuries that the Turns complained of directly resulted from the county's violations of environmental laws while operating the landfill. The Turns ivied directly across from the landfill, and they were experiencing the specific types of harms (fires, scavenger problems, groundwater contamination) that those laws were enacted to address. Thus, the Turns would have st anding to bring their suit. 3-?AAA Question with Sample Answer-?jurisdiction Marry can bring suit in all three courts. The trucking firm did business in Florida, and the accident occurred there.Thus, the state of Florida would have jurisdiction over the defendant. Because the firm was headquartered in Georgia and had its principal place of business in that state, Marry could also sue in a Georgia court. Finally, because the amount in controversy exceeds $75,000, the suit could be brought in federal court on the basis of diversity of citizenship. 3-AAA Discovery (BITE pages 81-82) Under the work-product rule, attorneys are allowed to protect information that they have gathered as a result of their own skill and diligence.For example, an attorney for a party involved in an auto accident can go out to the scene of the accident and observe the fact that there is a stop sign missing without being under any obligation to divulge such information to his opponent in the lawsuit. Similarly, an attorney who discovers a recently ecocide case decision supporting his or her theory is under no obligation to share this discovery with the opposing attorney. If attorneys had to share everything, they would be less inclined to expend efforts on behalf of their clients because, in essence, they would be working for both sides at once. -?AAA Case Problem with Sample Answer-?Arbitration Based on a recent holding by the Washington state supreme court, the federal appeals court held that the arbitration provision was unconscionable (see page 296 in Chapter 1 1) and therefore invalid. Because it was invalid, the restriction on class-action suits was also invalid. The state court reasoned that by offering a contract that restricted class actions and required arbitration, the company had improperly stripped consumers of rights they would normally have to attack certain industry practices.Class-action suits are often brought in cases of deceptive or unfair industry practices when the lo sses suffered by an individual consumer are too small to warrant a consumer suing. In this case, the alleged added cell phone fees are so small that no one consumer would be likely to litigate or arbitrate the matter due to the expenses involved. Because the arbitration agreement eliminates the usability of class actions, it violates public policy and is void and unenforceable. 3-AAA Venue The purpose behind most venue statutes is to ensure that a defendant is not â€Å"hailed into a remote district, having no real relationship to the dispute. The events in dispute have no connection to Minnesota. The Court stated: â€Å"Looked at through the lens of practicality-?which is, after all, what [the venue statute] is all about-?Nestsg's motion can really be distilled to a simple question: does it make sense to compel litigation in Minnesota when this state bears no relationship to the parties or the underlying events? ‘ The court answered no to this simple question. The plaintiff resides in South Carolina, her daughters injuries occurred there, and all of her medical treatment was provided (and continues to be provided) in that state.South Carolina is the appropriate venue for this litigation against Nests to proceed. 3-AAA Arbitration (BELTS page 85) Arbitration can be compelled under a contracts arbitration clause as long as a dispute involves matters covered by the contract provision. In the set of facts in this problem, the terms of the parties' contract are central to the resolution of their dispute. Under the contract, all claims that PRM has against Premiering go to arbitration because the arbitration clause covers â€Å"all disputes. † That includes allegations of fraud and theft.Such matters can be resolved by arbitration. In the actual case on which this problem is based, the court ruled that PRM had to take all complaints about Premiering to arbitration. On appeal, the U. S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit affirmed this ruling. 3-A AA Spotlight on National Football-?Arbitration An arbitrator's award generally is the final word on the matter. A court's review of an arbitrator's decision is extremely limited in scope, unlike an appellate court's review oaf lower court's decision.A court will set aside an award only if the arbitrator's conduct or â€Å"bad faith† substantially prejudiced the rights of one of the parties, if the award violates an established public policy, or if the arbitrator exceeded her or his powers. In this problem, and in the actual case on which this problem is based, the NAP argued that the award was contrary to public policy because it required Matthews to forfeit the right to seek workers' compensation under California law. The court rejected this argument, because under the arbitrators award Matthews could still seek workers' compensation under Tennessee law.Thus, the arbitration award was not clearly contrary to public policy. 3-?AAA Minimum contacts (BITE pages 66-68) No. This statement alone was insufficient to establish that Illinois did not have jurisdiction over the defendant. The court ruled that Med-Express failed to introduce factual evidence proving that the Illinois trial court lacked personal jurisdiction over Med-Express. Med-Express had merely recited that it was a North Carolina corporation and did not have minimum contacts with Illinois. Med-Express sent a letter to this effect to the clerk of Cook County, Illinois, and to the trial court judge. But that was not enough.When a judgment of a court from another state is challenged on the grounds of personal jurisdiction, there is a presumption that the court issuing the judgment had jurisdiction until the contrary is shown. It was not. 3-?AAA A Question of Ethics-?Agreement to arbitrate 1. This is very common, as many hospitals and other health-care provides have arbitration agreements in their contracts for services. There was a valid contract here. It is presumed in valid contracts that arbit ration clauses will be upheld unless there is a violation of public policy. The provision of medical are is much like the provision of other services in this regard.There was not evidence of fraud or pressure in the inclusion of the arbitration agreement. Of course there is concern about mistreatment of patients, but there is no reason to believe that arbitration will not provide a professional review of the evidence of what transpired in this situation. Arbitration is a less of a lottery that litigation can be, as there are very few gigantic arbitration awards, but there is no evidence of systematic discrimination against plaintiffs in arbitration compared to litigation, so there may not be a major ethical issue. . McDaniel had the legal capacity to sign on behalf of her mother.Someone had to do that because she lacked mental capacity. So long as in such situations the contracts do not contain terms that place the patient at a greater disadvantage than would be the case if the pati ent had mental capacity, there is not particular reason to treat the matter any differently. Critical Thinking and Writing Assignments 3-AAA Business Law Critical Thinking Group Assignments 1. The statute violates litigants' rights of access to the courts and to a jury trial because the imposition of arbitration costs on those who improve their sections by less than 10 percent on an appeal is an unreasonable burden.And the statute forces parties to arbitrate before they litigate-?an added step in the process of dispute resolution. The limits on the rights of the parties to appeal the results Of their arbitration to a court further impede their rights Of access. The arbitration procedures mandated by the statute are not reasonably related to the legitimate governmental interest of attaining less costly resolutions of disputes. 2. The statute does not violate litigants' constitutional right of access to the courts because it provides the parties tit an opportunity for a court trial in the event either party is dissatisfied with an arbitrator's decision.The burdens on a person's access to the courts are reasonable. The state judicial system can avoid the expense of a trial in many cases. And parties who cannot improve their positions by more than 10 percent on appeal are arguably wasting everyone's time. The assessment of the costs of the arbitration on such parties may discourage appeals in some cases, which allows the courts to further avoid the expense of a trial. The arbitration procedures mandated by the statute are reasonably related to the estimate governmental interest of attaining speedier and less costly resolution of disputes. . The determination on rights of access could be different if the statute was part of a pilot program and affected only a few judicial districts in the state because only parties who fell under the jurisdiction of those districts would be subject to the limits. Opponents might argue that the program violates the due process of th e Fifth Amendment because it is not applied fairly throughout the State. Proponents might counter that parties who object to an arbitrator's decision have an opportunity to appeal it to a court.Opponents might argue that the program exceeds what the state legislature can impose because it does not reasonably relate to a legitimate governmental objective-?it arbitrarily requires only litigants who reside in a few jurisdictions to submit to arbitration. Proponents might counter that this is aimed at the reduction of court costs-?that the statute rationally relates to a legitimate governmental end. An equal protection challenge would most likely be subject to a similar rational basis test. Under these and other arguments, the reduction of court costs would be a difficult objective to successfully argue against.